I tried out
(define-syntax foo (syntax-rules () ((foo) (define x 32)))) (foo) => ??? x => ???to see whether I got 32 as the value of x or blew up on an error such as invalid syntax (in the define-syntax) or undefined variable.
Racket, MIT, Gambit, scsh/Scheme48, SISC, Chez, Ikarus/Vicare, Ypsilon, Mosh IronScheme, NexJ, KSi, SigScheme, Shoe, TinyScheme, Dream, RScheme, S7, XLisp, Rep, Schemik, ELK, UMB, VX, Oaklisp, Llava, Sizzle, Spark, Femtolisp, Dfsch, Inlab, Owl Lisp, Sagittarius blew up (some of them because they don't support syntax-rules).
Gauche, Chicken, Bigloo, Guile, Kawa, Chibi, SCM, Larceny (in R5RS mode), Scheme 9, STklos, SigScheme, BDC, SXM, VSCM were fine with it and returned 32.